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"Are We To Be Polanized?" article from the Greenfield Gazette and Courier newspaper

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The fears of many of New England's native-born toward immigrants in general, but toward Polish immigrants in particular, are shown here as are their prejudices. The article considers these newly arriving Poles as "our inferiors" in "all points of civilized development." These new emigrants clustered in several communities, most notably South Deerfield, Greenfield, and Turners Falls. Both Turners Falls and Greenfield were regional centers and manufacturing towns, while South Deerfield was intensely agricultural. The number of Poles was not large and the 1900 census listed only 724 out of a county population of 34,425. But since they tended to live in communities dominated by Poles, their presence seemed much larger.

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